Disparities between urban and rural China, the real challenge

 Disparities between urban and rural China, the real challenge
Tongda Huan
8 28, Agriculture Minister Sun Zhengcai to the NPC Standing Committee for the State Council on the promotion of stable income situation of farmers report that the income of farmers in China in recent years fastest-growing years, but income gap between urban and rural residents also expanding .2007, the per capita net income of rural residents increased by 9.5%, the highest increase since 1985, one year; and urban-rural income ratio has expanded to 3.33: 1, the absolute gap to reach 9,646 yuan (income of rural residents 4,140 yuan, 13,786 yuan income of urban residents), is the biggest gap since the reform and opening up the year. (29 August, the mouth, but from the National Bureau of Statistics. It should be noted that this is a household population as the standard for statistical data, if the population as the standard for the occupation of agriculture, non-agricultural population, income statistics, the gap may be even greater . Sun Zhengcai Minister said that in 2007 China LABORS up to 126 million people, township enterprises employed 1.5 million, net of double counting part of the 2007 migrant workers reached 226 million people. This is 226 million migrant workers working in the city's income, fact, rural residents are counted as income rather than an income of urban residents. To understand the true state of urban-rural gap in China, should be included in non-agricultural income of farmers working in the income of urban residents should not be included in the income of rural residents.
We do not completely accurate a simple weighting method, the 226 million migrant workers and their support behind the population counted as urban population, again calculate the actual urban-rural income gap. CASS report said that China's urbanization rate was 43.9 in 2006 %, it is assumed that China's urbanization rate in 2007 was 44%, there are 572 million urban population, rural population 728 million .2006 October, the National Bureau of Statistics has issued the city a special status of migrant workers quality of life survey results show that: city employment of migrant workers lower wages, poorer quality of life, living, medical conditions are not protected, leisure rather monotonous, labor skills is generally low, their children's education more prominent. from the income of view, migrant farmers in business The average monthly income of workers 966 yuan, more than half of migrant workers 800 yuan monthly income below 500 yuan monthly income which accounted for 19.67% less, the monthly income of 500-800 yuan in the survey accounted for the total number of migrant workers 33.66%, only one percent of the monthly income of migrant workers more than 1,500 yuan. and so the data, assuming 226 million migrant workers in 2007 the average monthly income of 1,000 yuan, 12,000 yuan per person per year is an average of 728 million rural population to the head, The average is 3725 yuan per person per year!
and 2007, per capita income of rural residents 4,140 yuan for comparison, this is a very alarming data, means that today's Chinese farmers, on the whole, 90% of its income has to Since the non-agricultural income! if the relevant departments in the urbanization rate is included in the calculation of 226 million migrant workers, the income of rural residents in the program again when they counted as farmers, then their income on average to 7.28 +2.26 million farmers, the per capita annual has reached 2,843 yuan, 4,140 yuan of total revenue accounted for 69%!
This is today the true face of China's urban-rural gap! City Buildings business and labor income net income of farmers and urban residents income gap between night and day, if the increase the urban residents and rural residents do not have a variety of social security, both of the other, it is the distance between heaven and hell. It means that most of the income of farmers has been impossible to obtain from traditional agriculture, but also declared the peasant economy in the market before the full tide of bankruptcy. As the American scholar RH Tony said, a single homogeneous small-scale farmers living in the neck of water, a tiny little wave will be completely submerged them.
In this case, both agricultural science and technology, or the survival of farmers organized way to organize, will face organizational, technology costs are too high and the problem of low income can not be implemented, Chinese peasants is the only way to reduce large-scale farmers to enable them to smooth growth for the urban people. this point, whether willing or unwilling people, will stop farmers from their homes in the hard but firm steps.
In this case, China will face serious challenges in three areas: < br> First, who is farming the future? Who will feed China? It is clear that a collective existing to name all the signs of modern finance and urban and rural areas can not enter the free market system of rural land and rural housing development no longer meet the reality necessary, not only against the interests of farmers caused by the reality, but also the scale of agriculture, industry barriers.
Second, what kind of system the city will meet the farmers into the city and state of mind? was followed two previous discriminatory urban-rural per household registration system, so that migrant workers to become full and the income gap between urban workers, a great second-class citizens, so that the floating population of migrant workers and other discrimination against the descendants of a City planted hatred and with the Development Research Center, the National Population and Family Planning Commission Zhai Zhenwu introduced the members of the Expert Committee, China's family planning policy implemented since 1973, fertility declined from 6 to 2.6 in 1978; into the 90's, fertility dropped to 1.8; 2000 So far, fertility has dropped to 1.65m1.7. Moreover, the trend is likely to continue. (August 19, fertility level, almost to the one below. This is the fertility rate is even lower than many developed countries such as Japan and Germany are 1.4, U.S. 2.1. particularly since the 1990s, the number of births continued to decline .2000 s Census data show that five times: 0-4 years of age population of only 68,970,000, equivalent to only about half of the population aged 10-14, the rate of decline is very alarming! China may soon face the situation. sharp decline in birth rate, and China's urbanization synchronization. even completely change the existing child policy, fertility decline can not be avoided. No doubt, this gives us the population and fertility policy put forward a new topic.